$x^3 - 2$ [1505B]
$x^3 - 2$ [1505B]
The splitting field of $x^{3} - 2 \in \mathbb{Q}[x]$ is $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$.
Exegesis 1. why $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ is the splitting field [1505BA]
Exegesis 1. why $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ is the splitting field [1505BA]
Suppose $K$ is a splitting field of $x^{3} - 2$ in $\mathbb{Q}[x]$. The roots of $x^{3} - 2$ are $$\theta_{1} = \sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \quad \theta_{2} = \sqrt[3]{ 2 } e^{ 2 \pi i / 3 } = \sqrt[3]{ 2 } \frac{-1 + \sqrt{ -3 }}{2}, \quad \theta_{3} = \sqrt[3]{ 2 } e^{ 4 \pi i / 3 } = -\sqrt[3]{ 2 } \frac{-1 + \sqrt{ -3 }}{2}.$$ They all belong to $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$, hence $K \subseteq \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$. On the other hand, if $K$ contains all the roots, then $\theta_{1} \in K$ and $\theta_{1}^{2}\theta_{2} = -1 + \sqrt{ -3 } \in K \implies \sqrt{ -3 } \in K$, and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 }) \subseteq K$. Therefore, $K = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$.
Exegesis 2. degree of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ [1505BB]
Exegesis 2. degree of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ [1505BB]
We have $$ [\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 }) : \mathbb{Q}] = [\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 }) : \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 })] [\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }) : \mathbb{Q}] = 2 \times 3 = 6. $$ $[\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }) : \mathbb{Q}] = 3$ is because $m_{\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \mathbb{Q}}(x) = x^{3} - 2$, which has degree $3$, and then by Proposition 1407.
Similarly, $x^{2} + 3$ is monic and irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[x]$, so $m_{\sqrt{ -3 }, \mathbb{Q}}(x) = x^{2} + 3$. Moreover, $\mathbb{Q} \subseteq \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 })$, hence we must have $m_{\sqrt{ -3 }, \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 })}(x) \mid m_{\sqrt{ -3 }, \mathbb{Q}}(x)$, which means either $\deg m_{\sqrt{ -3 }, \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 })}(x) = 1$ or $2$. The former case implies $x - \sqrt{ -3 } \in \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[3]{ 2 } \right)[x]$, which means $\sqrt{ -3 } \in \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[3]{ 2 } \right)$. But $\sqrt{ -3 }$ is a pure imaginary number, it cannot exist in $\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[3]{ 2 } \right)$. Hence $\deg m_{\sqrt{ -3 }, \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[3]{ 2 } \right)}(x) = 2$, which means $[\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 }) : \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 })] = 2$.
It is easy to see that $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{ -3 }), \mathbb{Q}(\theta_{1}), \mathbb{Q}(\theta_{2})$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\theta_{3})$ are all proper subfields of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ and $$ [\mathbb{Q}(\theta_{j}) : \mathbb{Q}] = 3 \quad (j = 1, 2, 3), \qquad [\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{ -3 }) : \mathbb{Q}] = 2. $$
Exegesis 3. subfields of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ [1505BC]
Exegesis 3. subfields of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{ 2 }, \sqrt{ -3 })$ [1505BC]
We have the diagram